Important Terminologies and Facts Related to Computer and Internet

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite(TCP/IP) to link several billion devices worldwide.

It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.

Suggested Read: Internet and Its Services – A brief Guide

The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3, commonly known as the Web) is a system of interlinked hypertext documents that are accessed via the Internet.

• A Website, is a set of related web pages served from a single web domain.
• A Home page, index page, or main page is a page on a website – A home page usually refers to:
• The initial or main web page of a website, sometimes called the “front page”.
• The first page that appears upon opening a web browser program, which is also sometimes called the start page. This ‘start page’ can be a website or it can be a page with various browser functions such as the visual display of websites that are often visited in the web browser.
• The web page or local file that automatically loads when a web browser starts or when the browser’s “home” button is pressed; this is also called a “home page”. The user can specify the URL of the page to be loaded, or alternatively choose e.g. to re-load the most recent web page browsed.
• A personal web page, for example at a web hosting service or a university web site, that typically is stored in the home directory of the user.
• A Hyperlink is a reference to data that the reader can directly follow either by clicking or by hovering or that is followed automatically.
• A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web.
• The Uniform Resource Locator, abbreviated as URL is a specific character string that constitutes a reference to a resource. In most web browsers, the URL of a web page is displayed on top inside an address bar.
• An example of a typical URL would be “https://www.techhyme.com.”
• Downloading means to receive data to a local system from a remote system, or to initiate such a data transfer
• Uploading refers to the sending of data from a local system to a system such as a server or another client with the intent that the remote system should store a copy of the data being transferred.
• An Internet Protocol address (also known as an IP address)is a numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer) participating in a computer network.
• It acts as an identifier for a computer. It is a unique address for every computer.
• An email attachment is a computer file sent along with an email message. One or more files can be attached to any email message, and be sent along with it to the recipient.
• Hotmail was co-founded by an Indian American entrepreneur Sabeer Bhatia along with Jack Smith in July of 1996 CC (Carbon Copy) in e-mail indicates those who are to receive a copy of message addressed primarily to another. The list of CCed recipients is visible to all other recipients of the message.
• An additional BCC (blind carbon copy) field is available for hidden notification; recipients listed in the BCC field receive a copy of the message, but are not shown on any other recipient’s copy (including other BCC recipients)
• The Drafts folder retains copies of messages that you have started but are not yet ready to send.
• The first email was sent by Ray Tomlinson to himself in 1971.
• Domain name: Domain names are specific names used in URLs to identify particular Web pages. A name that identifies one or more IP addresses. For example, in the URL https://www.techhyme.com, the domain name is techhyme.com. Every domain name has a suffix that indicates which top level domain it belongs to. There is only a limited number of such domains.

For example:

• .acro : aviation
• .jobs : Jobs
• .gov : Government agencies
• .name : Personal
• .in : India
• .edu : Educational institutions
• .org : organisations(nonprofit)
• .mil : Military
• .com : Commercial business (Profit)
• .net : Network organisations
• .asia : Asia
• .biz : Business organization

Some Known Facts About Computer and Internet

1. The earlier computers, which were massive in size, were based on – vacuum tubes.
2. Early computing machines, like the ENIAC, were actually meant to assist the – armed forces.
3. The printers in pre-1950s were – punch cards.
4. An improvement on the ENIAC, which pioneered ‘stored program’, was made possible with the help of the mathematician – John von Neumann.
5. Before the 1950s, computers were mostly owned by – universities and research labs
6. The B-programming language was developed by – Ken Thompson.
7. Famous people, associated with the ENIAC, EDVAC, UNIVAC computers are – Eckert & Mauchly.
8. The !st commercially produced and sold computer (1951)was – UNIVAC.
9. IBM was provided software for PCs by – Microsoft.
10. Time-sharing, teletyping, were associated with – mainframe computers.
11. The transformation from heavy computers to PCs was made possible using – microprocessors.
12. The first microprocessor was developed in 1971 by – Intel.
13. The term ‘micro’ (extremely small) denotes – 10^-6m.
14. The Havard student, who chose to write computer programs and dropped studies was – Bill Gates.
15. A pentium 4 (p-4) employs roughly – 40 million transistors.
16. Mark-1, Apple-1, and collossus were – initial desktop computers.
17. Binary digits are briefed as – bit.
18. A collection of bits is called – byte.
19. C++, is a – computer language.
20. The process of eliminating programming faults is called – debugging.
21. Starting up on operating system is called – booting.
22. A program used to browse the web is called – browser.
23. An error in software designing which can even cause a computer to crash is called – bug.
24. Click and double-click are achieved using the – mouse.
25. Java, C, For Tran, Pascal and BASIC are – computer programming languages.
26. The device which sends computer data using a phone line is called – MODEM.
27. ‘Worm’ and ‘virus’ are actually – programs.
28. A ‘file’ is a unit of – information.
29. A megabyte has – 10⁶(million) bytes.
30. A small, single-site network is called – LAN.
31. A processor that collects several data and sends them over a single line is called – bridge.
32. ‘Nano’ stands for – one billionth part.
33. The number of bit patterns using an n-code is – 2ⁿ
34. The part of a computer that works with the data/programs is called – CPU.
35. To convert a binary number to a decimal, we have to express it in power of – 2.
36. www stands for – world wide web.
37. Mathematics employed in computers is called – Boolean algebra.
38. A collection of 8 bits is called – byte.
39. The first home computer (1977), which was sold in millions of units was – Apple II
40. ‘PARAM’ is a – supercomputer.
41. A website containing periodic posts is called – blog.
42. While cutting and pasting, the cutitem is temporarily stored in the – clipboard.
43. http stands for – hyper text transfer protocol.
44. The unwanted or non-requested emails are called – spam.
45. A computer framed to give various network services is called – server.

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