[#5] – Computer Arithmetic – Questions

As we know that, the use of a smaller base often requires more positions to represent a given value, for example 9₁₀ = 1001₂. Hence, four positions are required instead of one to represent decimal number 9 in binary form. In spite of this, almost all computers use binary numbers.

Information is handled by computer’s electronic/electrical components such as transistors, semiconductors, wires etc, and all these can indicate only two states or conditions – ON (State 1) or OFF (State 0). Transistors are either conducting or non-conducting, magnetic materials are either magnetized in one or opposite direction or non-magnetized, a pulse or voltage is present or absent in wire.

Information is represented within a computer by the presence or absence of these types of signals. Binary number system having only two digits (0 and 1) is most suitable for expressing the two possible states.

Also Read:

• [#1] – Introduction to Computer Fundamentals
• [#2] – Basic computer organization
• [#3] – Number systems
• [#4] – Computer Codes
• [#5] – Computer Arithmetic
• [#6] – Processor and Memory
• [#7] – Secondary Storage Devices
• [#8] – Input-Output Devices
• [#9] – Computer software
• [#10] – Planning the Computer Program
• [#11] – Computer Languages
• [#12] – System Implementation and Operation
• [#13] – Operating Systems
• [#14] – Application Software packages
• [#15] – Business Data Processing
• [#16] – Data Communications and Computer Networks
• [#17] – The Internet
• [#18] – Multimedia
• [#19] – Classification of Computers
• [#20] – Introduction to C Programming Language

Points To Remember:

• Almost all computers use binary numbers for internal computations because electronic circuits for performing arithmetic operations in binary mode can be designed and implemented more easily, reliably, and inexpensively than those required for performing arithmetic operations in decimal mode.
• The rules for binary addition are as follows:
  0+0 = 0
  0+1 = 1
  1+0 = 1
  1+1 = 0 plus a carry of 1 to next higher column
• The rules for binary subtraction are as follows:
  0-0 =0
  0-1 =1 with a borrow from the next column
  1-0 =1
  1-1 =0
• For a number having n digits, its complement is defined as the difference between the number and the base raised to the n^th power minus one.
• A quick way to obtain the complement of a binary number is to transform all its 0s to 1s, and all its 1s to 0s.
• Complementary subtraction is an additive approach of subtraction.
• The rules for binary multiplication are as follows:
  0*0 =0
  0*1 =0
  1*0 =0
  1*1= 1
• The rules for binary division are as follows:
  0/0 = Divide by zero error
  0/1 = 0
  1/0 = Divide by zero error
  1/1 = 1
• ‘Divide by zero’ is an error condition raised by the computer when any number is divided by zero.
• Most computers use the additive approach for performing subtraction, multiplication, and division operations.

List of Questions

1. Why computers use the binary number system?
2. Add binary numbers 1011 and 101 in both decimal and binary forms.
3. Add binary numbers 1010110 and 1011010.
4. Add binary numbers 10111 and 1011.
5. Find the complement of following numbers:
   495₁₀
   C₁₆
   29₁₀
   2₅
   4₈
   32₄
6. Find the complement of following binary numbers:
   10
   101
   101101
   011011
   10110001
   001101001110
7. Subtract 0110111₂ from 1101110₂.
8. Subtract 01010₂ from 10000₂.
9. Subtract 011011₂ from 110111₂.
10. Subtract 25₁₀ from 50₁₀ using complementary method.
11. Subtract 25₁₀ from 20₁₀ using complementary method.
12. Subtract 234₁₀ from 588₁₀ using complementary method.
13. Subtract 216₁₀ from 172₁₀ using complementary method.
14. Subtract 01010₂ from 10000₂ using complementary method.
15. Subtract 110111₂ from 101110₂ using complementary method.
16. Subtract 011011₂ from 110111₂ using complementary method.
17. Subtract 1111₂ from 1100₂ using complementary method.
18. Multiply binary numbers 1100 and 1010.
19. Multiply binary numbers 01101 and 1001.
20. Multiply binary numbers 101111 and 111.
21. Divide 11001₂ by 101₂.
22. Divide 0110111₂ by 0111₂.
23. What happens when a number is divided by zero in a computer?
24. Explain how multiplication and division operations are performed in a computer by using additive approach.
25. What is the primary advantage of performing subtraction by complementary method in digital computers?
26. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of performing various arithmetic operations by additive method in a digital computer.

• Top 30 Linux Questions (MCQs) with Answers and Explanations
• 75 Important Cybersecurity Questions (MCQs with Answers)
• 260 One-Liner Information Security Questions and Answers for Fast Learning
• Top 20 HTML5 Interview Questions with Answers
• 80 Most Important Network Fundamentals Questions With Answers
• 100 Most Important SOC Analyst Interview Questions
• Top 40 Cyber Security Questions and Answers
• Top 10 React JS Interview Theory Questions and Answers
• CISSP – Practice Test Questions – 2024 – Set 20 (53 Questions)
• Part 2: Exploring Deeper into CCNA – Wireless (145 Practice Test Questions)