NIST Just Released The Final Version of 800-82r3 OT Security Guide

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has published the final version of its Special Publication (SP) 800-82r3, Guide to Operational Technology (OT) Security. This document provides comprehensive guidance on how to improve the security of OT systems while addressing their unique performance, reliability, and safety requirements.

OT encompasses a broad range of programmable systems and devices that interact with the physical environment, such as industrial control systems (ICS), building automation systems, transportation systems, and physical access control systems. OT systems are essential for the operation of critical infrastructure and businesses, but they are also increasingly being targeted by cyberattacks.

The NIST SP 800-82r3 guide is designed to help organizations of all sizes assess and manage their OT security risks. It covers a wide range of topics, including:

• An overview of OT and typical system topologies
• Typical threats and vulnerabilities to OT systems
• Recommended security safeguards and countermeasures
• OT risk management
• OT security architectures
• Security capabilities and tools for OT
• Alignment with other OT security standards and guidelines

The guide also includes tailored security control baselines for low-impact, moderate-impact, and high-impact OT systems.

The NIST SP 800-82r3 guide is a valuable resource for any organization that operates OT systems. It provides comprehensive guidance on how to protect these systems from cyberattacks and ensure their continued safe and reliable operation.

Key updates in NIST SP 800-82r3

The NIST SP 800-82r3 guide is a significant revision of the previous version, NIST SP 800-82r2. Some of the key updates in the new guide include:

• Expansion in scope from ICS to OT: The new guide covers a broader range of OT systems, including building automation systems, transportation systems, and physical access control systems.
• Updates to OT threats and vulnerabilities: The new guide includes updated information on the latest OT threats and vulnerabilities, as well as new recommendations for mitigating these risks.
• Updates to OT risk management, recommended practices, and architectures: The new guide provides more detailed guidance on OT risk management, recommended security practices, and OT security architectures.
• Updates to current activities in OT security: The new guide includes information on the latest activities in OT security, such as the development of new standards and tools.
• New tailoring guidance for NIST SP 800-53 security controls: The new guide includes new tailoring guidance for NIST SP 800-53 security controls, which can be used to develop OT-specific security control baselines.
• An OT overlay for NIST SP 800-53 security controls: The new guide includes an OT overlay for NIST SP 800-53 security controls, which provides tailored security control baselines for low-impact, moderate-impact, and high-impact OT systems.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
   • 1.1. Purpose and Scope
   • 1.2. Audience
   • 1.3. Document Structure
2. OT Overview
   • 2.1. Evolution of OT
   • 2.2. OT-Based Systems and Their Interdependencies
   • 2.3. OT System Operation, Architectures, and Components
     • 2.3.1. OT System Design Considerations
     • 2.3.2. SCADA Systems
     • 2.3.3. Distributed Control Systems
     • 2.3.4. Programmable Logic Controller-Based Topologies
     • 2.3.5. Building Automation Systems
     • 2.3.6. Physical Access Control Systems
     • 2.3.7. Safety Systems
     • 2.3.8. Industrial Internet of Things
   • 2.4. Comparing OT and IT System Security
3. OT Cybersecurity Program Development
   • 3.1. Establish a Charter for the OT Cybersecurity Program
   • 3.2. Business Case for the OT Cybersecurity Program
     • 3.2.1. Benefits of Cybersecurity Investments
     • 3.2.2. Building an OT Cybersecurity Business Case
     • 3.2.3. Resources for Building a Business Case
     • 3.2.4. Presenting the OT Cybersecurity Business Case to Leadership
   • 3.3. OT Cybersecurity Program Content
     • 3.3.1. Establish OT Cybersecurity Governance
     • 3.3.2. Build and Train a Cross-Functional Team to Implement the OT Cybersecurity Program
     • 3.3.3. Define the OT Cybersecurity Strategy
     • 3.3.4. Define OT-Specific Policies and Procedures
     • 3.3.5. Establish a Cybersecurity Awareness Training Program for the OT Environment
     • 3.3.6. Implement a Risk Management Framework for OT
     • 3.3.7. Develop a Maintenance Tracking Capability
     • 3.3.8. Develop an Incident Response Capability
     • 3.3.9. Develop a Recovery and Restoration Capability
     • 3.3.10. Summary of OT Cybersecurity Program Content
4. Risk Management for OT Systems
   • 4.1. Managing OT Security Risk
     • 4.1.1. Framing OT Risk
     • 4.1.2. Assessing Risk in an OT Environment
     • 4.1.3. Responding to Risk in an OT Environment
     • 4.1.4. Monitoring Risk in an OT Environment
   • 4.2. Special Areas for Consideration
     • 4.2.1. Supply Chain Risk Management
     • 4.2.2. Safety Systems
   • 4.3. Applying the Risk Management Framework to OT Systems
     • 4.3.1. Prepare
     • 4.3.2. Categorize
     • 4.3.3. Select
     • 4.3.4. Implement
     • 4.3.5. Assess
     • 4.3.6. Authorize
     • 4.3.7. Monitor
5. OT Cybersecurity Architecture
   • 5.1. Cybersecurity Strategy
     • 5.1.1. Impacts of Choosing a Cybersecurity Strategy
     • 5.1.2. Defense-in-Depth Strategy
     • 5.1.3. Other Cybersecurity Strategy Considerations
   • 5.2. Defense-in-Depth Architecture Capabilities
     • 5.2.1. Layer 1 – Security Management
     • 5.2.2. Layer 2 – Physical Security
     • 5.2.3. Layer 3 – Network Security
     • 5.2.4. Layer 4 – Hardware Security
     • 5.2.5. Layer 5 – Software Security
   • 5.3. Additional Cybersecurity Architecture Considerations
     • 5.3.1. Cyber-Related Safety Considerations
     • 5.3.2. Availability Considerations
     • 5.3.3. Geographically Distributed Systems
     • 5.3.4. Regulatory Requirements
     • 5.3.5. Environmental Considerations
     • 5.3.6. Field I/O (Purdue Level 0) Security Considerations
     • 5.3.7. Additional Security Considerations for IIoT
   • 5.4. Cybersecurity Architecture Models
     • 5.4.1. Distributed Control System (DCS)-Based OT Systems
     • 5.4.2. DCS- and PLC-Based OT with IIoT
     • 5.4.3. SCADA-Based OT Environments
6. Applying the Cybersecurity Framework to OT
   • 6.1. Identify (ID)
     • 6.1.1. Asset Management (ID.AM)
     • 6.1.2. Governance (ID.GV)
     • 6.1.3. Risk Assessment (ID.RA)
     • 6.1.4. Risk Management Strategy (ID.RM)
     • 6.1.5. Supply Chain Risk Management (ID.SC)
   • 6.2. Protect (PR)
     • 6.2.1. Identity Management and Access Control (PR.AC)
     • 6.2.2. Awareness and Training (PR.AT)
     • 6.2.3. Data Security (PR.DS)
     • 6.2.4. Information Protection Processes and Procedures (PR.IP)
     • 6.2.5. Maintenance (PR.MA)
     • 6.2.6. Protective Technology (PR.PT)
     • 6.2.7. Media Protection (PR.PT-2)
     • 6.2.8. Personnel Security
     • 6.2.9. Wireless Communications
     • 6.2.10. Remote Access
     • 6.2.11. Flaw Remediation and Patch Management
     • 6.2.12. Time Synchronization
   • 6.3. Detect (DE)
     • 6.3.1. Anomalies and Events (DE.AE)
     • 6.3.2. Security Continuous Monitoring (DE.CM)
     • 6.3.3. Detection Process (DE.DP)
   • 6.4. Respond (RS)
     • 6.4.1. Response Planning (RS.RP)
     • 6.4.2. Response Communications (RS.CO)
     • 6.4.3. Response Analysis (RS.AN)
     • 6.4.4. Response Mitigation (RS.MI)
     • 6.4.5. Response Improvements (RS.IM)
   • 6.5. Recover (RC)
     • 6.5.1. Recovery Planning (RC.RP)
     • 6.5.2. Recovery Improvements (RC.IM)
     • 6.5.3. Recovery Communications (RC.CO)

Conclusion

The NIST SP 800-82r3 guide is an essential resource for any organization that operates OT systems. It provides comprehensive guidance on how to protect these systems from cyberattacks and ensure their continued safe and reliable operation.

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